Solar Energy free essay sample

Another sun powered fueled adsorption cooler with elite Meunier distributed a correlation of those three sorption frameworks for sunlight based cooling (Meunier, 1994). The solidâ€gas framework utilized in the current examination is adsorption. The sun oriented adsorption fridges have been grown essentially to be utilized in sweltering areas with no power gracefully. There is a pressing need in the wellbeing division (for the preservation of prescriptions and immunizations). These frameworks have the benefit of not requiring any vitality other than sun based vitality. Terminology COP Cp G H L m n P Q A t coe? cient of execution [â€] speci? c heat [J kgA1 KA1 ] worldwide irradiance [W mA2 ] worldwide light [J] dissipation inert warmth for water [J kgA1 ] mass [kg] number [â€] pressure [Pa] heat amount [J] zone [m2 ] temperature [K] time [s] d e fs h L m N R S tl w day evaporator authority front side sun based warmth flexibly load fluid most extreme net unpleasant sunlight based warm misfortunes (of the bureau) water Indexes c condenser Guilleminot, 1986; Pralon Ferreira-Leite and Daguenet, 2000) utilizing either a concoction response or adsorption, follow an elective pattern of warming/cooling, otherwise called ‘intermittent’, the time of which relates to the rotation of day and night. With respect to, the most elevated estimations of COPSR (0. 10â€0. 12) were acquired with the adsorption frameworks zeolite + water (Grenier et al. , 1988) and initiated carbon + methanol (Boubakri et al. , 1992a,b; Pons and Grenier, 1987). As methanol can without much of a stretch vanish at temperatures beneath 0  °C, in this manner preferring the creation of ice, the most earth cordial refrigerant must be water. Utilizing water, ice can be created inside the evaporator, going about as a ‘cold storage’. The two refrigerants, water or methanol, work at beneath environmental weight and in this manner require vacuum innovation. The fundamental reason for the current examination is to acquire preferable exhibitions over those revealed above, with what is, actually, a straightforward machine. This point appears to be sensibly feasible with an adsorptive machine, worked in a 100% sun based controlled 24 h cycle with a ? at-plate sunlight based authority containing the adsorbent. In any case, when alluding to the work revealed above, both the e? ciency of the sunlight based gatherer and that of the adsorption thermodynamic cycle could be improved. These necessities were essential to the structure of the ‘advanced’ machine. The research facility of sunlight based vitality of the Engineering school of the Canton de Vaud (EIVD, Yverdon-lesBains, Switzerland) has been creating adsorptive sun oriented fridges since 1999. The ? rst frameworks assembled utilized the adsorption pair of enacted carbon + methanol. For reasons of unwavering quality and regard for the earth, this pair has been surrendered for a silicagel + water pair. The model depicted and examined in this paper has been working since the mid year of 2000 on the site of the EIVD. A careful estimation framework permits us to portray it in a total manner. Throughout the mid year of 2001, a consistent methodology of warm burden in the cool bureau permitted us to watch the conduct of the adsorption framework over a constant time of 68 days. We have featured the extraordinary in? uence of both outer temperature and day by day illumination upon the every day coe? cient of execution (COPSR ). Beforehand, scarcely any articles were keen on the examination of the capacity. 2. Portrayal of adsorption and of the adsorption cooling cycle Adsorption, otherwise called physisorption, is the procedure by which particles of a ? uid are ? xed on the dividers of a strong material. The adsorbed atoms experience no substance response yet basically lose vitality while being ? xed: adsorption, the stage change from ? uid to adsorbate (adsorbed stage) is exothermic. Additionally this procedure is reversible. In the accompanying, we will concentrate on adsorption frameworks principally utilized in cooling (or heatpumping) machines: an unadulterated refrigerant fume that can without much of a stretch be consolidated at surrounding temperature and a microporous adsorbent with a huge adsorption limit. The principle segments of an adsorptive cooling machine are the adsorber (in the current case, the sun powered authority itself), the condenser, the evaporator and a choking valve between the last two gadgets, see Fig. 2. A perfect cycle is introduced in the Dâ‚ ¬hring outline (LnP u versus A1=T ), Fig. 1. The cycle is clarified in detail in (Buchter et al. , 2001). We can sum up it in four phases. C. Hildbrand et al. /Solar Energy 77 (2004) 311â€318 313 Fig. 1. A perfect adsorption cooling cycle in the Dâ‚ ¬ hring diau gram. Immersion fluid fume bend for the refrigerant (EC ran line), isoster bends (meager lines), adsorption cycle (thick lines). Warming period: step AB (7 a. m. ? 10 a. m. ) and step BD (10 a. m. ? 4 p. m. ); cooling period: step DF (4 p. m. ? 7 p. m. ) and step FA (7 p. m. ? 7 a. m. ). Stage 1: isosteric warming ? A ! B?. The framework temperature and weight increment because of sunlight based irradiance. Stage 2: desorption + buildup ? B ! D?. Desorption of the water steam contained in the silicagel; buildup of the water steam in the condenser; the water in the evaporator is depleted through the valve. Stage 3: isosteric cooling ? D ! F?. Lessening of the time of daylight; cooling of the adsorber; abatement of the weight and the temperature in the framework. Stage 4: adsorption + vanishing ? F ! A?. Vanishing of water contained in the evaporator; cooling of the chilly bureau; creation of ice in the evaporator; readsorption of water steam by the silicagel. 3. Portrayal of the machine tried in Yverdon-les-Bains, Switzerland Adsorptive pair. The refrigerant is water, and the adsorbent is a microporous silicagel (Actigel SGa , Silgelac). Collectorâ€adsorber. The sun powered gatherer (2 m2 , tilt edge of 30â °) is twofold coated: a Te? ona ? lm is introduced between the glass and the adsorber itself. The adsorber comprises of 12 equal cylinders (72. 5 mm in distance across) that contain the silicagel (78. 8 kg). The cylinders are secured with an electrolytic particular layer (Chrome-dark, Energie Solaire SA), which ingests 95% of the noticeable sun powered radiation while introducing an emissivity of 0. 07 in the infrared frequencies. The cylinders are layered with a material which presents high conductivity yet low speci? c heat limit (sheets of graphite: Papyexa , Le Carbone Lorraine). A focal cylinder is made out of a lattice (measurement 15 mm, work 1 mm, wire 0. 45 mm distance across). The ventilation dampers referenced in the past segments comprise of a Fig. 2. Photo and plan of an adsorptive sun oriented cooler: sunlight based collectorâ€adsorber (1) with detail: glass spread (A), Te? ona ? lm (B), tube secured with specific surface (C) and inside layered with Papyexa , focal cylinder for fume transport (D), silicagel bed (E), warm protection around the gatherer (F); ventilation dampers (2) shut (2a) and open (2b), condenser(3), cold bureau (4), graduated tank (5), valve (6), evaporator and ice stockpiling (7). system that permits the warm protection to be opened on the back side of the authority (50 mm glass ?bre), to give e? cient cooling by regular convection during the night. Condenser. Eight equal ? nned tubes make a condenser, and are cooled by characteristic convection of air. The all out ? n territory is 6. 9 m2 . Evaporator, ice stockpiling and cold bureau. The evaporator comprises of three rings made of square cylinders. The all out warmth trade zone is 3. 4 m2 The evaporator contains 40 l of water which can be changed into ice during the dissipation stage. The cool bureau is chesttype and is very much protected (170 mm of extended polystyrene) with an inside volume of 320 l. 314 C. Hildbrand et al. /Solar Energy 77 (2004) 311â€318 Valve. A valve situated between the graduated tank and the evaporator is required on this machine. For control procedure reasons, this valve is electrically controlled. 4. 5. Ventilation damper administration Closing: when the irradiance goes over 100 W/m2 . Opening: toward the finish of the evening when the edge of the sun based pillar radiation occurrence upon the opening plane of authority (point of frequency) is above 50â °. 4. Estimations and tasks The goal of the 2001 arrangement of estimations was to get a high number of estimations ceaselessly, so as to portray the working of our adsorption machine. To do this, an arrangement of estimation and a steady methodology of burden has been built up. 4. 1. Estimations The temperature is estimated (tests Pt100) in the silicagel of a focal container of the collectorâ€adsorber (7 sensors), on two condenser cylinders and three evaporator tubes; and the surrounding air temperature is additionally estimated. The fume pressure is estimated by a piezogauge in the gatherer adsorber, in the condenser and in the evaporator. The worldwide irradiance in the plane of the gatherer is recorded by a pyranometer. A graduated tank (6. 5 l) gathers the consolidated water. The degree of fluid water is consequently estimated by a level indicator. 5. Meteorological conditions The arrangement of estimations occurred from July 25th to September 30th 2001 (68 days) in Yverdon-lesBains (height: 433 m, longitude: )6. 38â °, scope: 46. 47â °). Fig. 3 shows the watched climate conditions (day by day light and mean outside temperature). This chart shows two di? erent periods: (1) From July 25th to the start of September: throughout this mid year time span, the mean outer temperature is over 20  °C and the mean day by day light arrives at 22 MJ/m2 . This ? ne climate period is hindered between the third and ninth August by less ideal climate. (2) From the start of September to the furthest limit of the estimation: the mean outer temperature and the every day illumination are particularly lower (13  °C and 13 MJ/m2 ). Besides, the conditions are truly factor starting with one day then onto the next. 4. 2. Securing framework and order 6. Perf

Tangled Web of Granny Flat Arrangements †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Talk about the Tangled Web of Granny Flat Arrangements. Answer: Presentation In this task, the analyst has intended to exhibit the tax assessment arrangement of a specific nation with the assistance of five diverse contextual investigations. It has likewise been intended to look for complete comprehension of ramifications of tax assessment with these given case references. Notwithstanding these, the scientist has chosen to take help from rules and laws gave by the administering body and certain enactments. Eric has bought certain advantages and offers in the course of the most recent a year and he sold these benefits and offers a week ago around the same time (Piketty Zucman, 2014). On the off chance that the advantages or offers are held for a year or not exactly a year will be called as momentary resources. Likewise, if the advantages are held for over a year, will be called as long haul resources. For this situation, Eric has held them for not exactly a year and sold them around the same time. Calculation of transient capital addition or misfortune for the year finished Rundown of advantages bought: Rundown of advantages sold: Portions of a recorded organization for $ 5,000 A home sound framework for $ 12,000 A work of art for $ 9,000 An antique seat for $ 3,000 An antique jar for $ 2,000 Portions of a recorded organization for $ 20,000 A home sound framework for $ 11,000 A work of art for $ 1,000 An antique seat for $ 1,000 An antique jar for $ 3,000 Complete resources bought = $ 31,000 Complete resources sold = $ 36,000 Transient capital increase for the year finished = all out resources sold - all out resources bought = $ 36,000 - $ 31,000 = $ 5,000 For this situation reference Brian has gotten an advance as a piece of his compensation bundle for a long time, since he is a bank official, he got credit added up to $ 1 million at an uncommon pace of 1%. 40% of the credit was utilized for money delivering purposes and for meeting all premium installment commitments. For this situation, Brian has gotten incidental advantage on the credit sum for the year 2016-2017. What's more, it can likewise be seen that advance has been given on 1 April 2016. The calculation of available salary of Brian for the year finished 30 June 2017 is given underneath. Date of getting advance = 1 April 2016 for a long time Measure of credit = $ 1 million Pace of enthusiasm on credit = 1% (extraordinary loan fee or incidental advantage) Genuine pace of enthusiasm on credit in the nation is around 15% Method of reimbursement of credit = Monthly portion Utilization of credit sum = $ 400,000 (40% of $ 1 million) Calculation of portion for 15 months = ($ 1,000,000 * 1%/a year) * 15 months = ($ 10,000/12) * 15 months = $ 12,500 Calculation of available pay for the year finished 2016-2017 Pay = $ 1,000,000 Less: costs = $ 400,000 Less: reimbursement of portions (intrigue) = $ 10,000 Less: reimbursement of portions (head) = $ 250,000 ($ 333,334 - $ 83,334) All out available pay = $ 340,000 For this situation, Brian needs to pay charge on the available pay added up to $ 340,000, where the regularly scheduled payment (head + enthusiasm) on the advance is $ 21,667 ($ 250,000 + $ 10,000). Subsequently, it tends to be inferred that Brian should pay for portions and because of this his available pay is decreased by $ 21,667. On the other side, in the event that he needs to reimburse the portion toward the finish of the credit, his available salary would be extraordinary (Cerqueiro, Ongena Roszbach, 2016). The calculation is given beneath. Pay = $ 1,000,000 Less: costs = $ 400,000 All out available salary = $ 600,000 Along these lines, it can unmistakably be seen that month to month reimbursement of portion is advantageous for Brian, in light of the fact that for this situation, he should pay charge on $ 340,000. In any case, then again, he needs to pay charge on $ 600,000, which could be high (Hodgson Pearce, 2015). Despite what might be expected, if on the off chance that bank discharges Brain from reimbursing the enthusiasm on credit, he would then need to pay just the chief sum. For this situation Brians costs would marginally go down, yet he at that point can't guarantee incidental advantage on the advance and he should pay charge on the available pay, which is registered underneath. Calculation of available salary for the year finished 2016-2017 Salary = $ 1,000,000 Less: costs = $ 400,000 Less: reimbursement of portions (head) = $ 250,000 ($ 333,334 - $ 83,334) Complete available pay = $ 350,000 In this way, it can obviously be seen that Brian needs to pay charge on three unique cases. In the event that he needs to pay portion (both head and intrigue), he needs to pay charge on $ 340,000. Then again, whenever was discharged from paying enthusiasm on credit, he needs to pay charge on $ 350,000. Be that as it may, in the event that if the portion ought to be paid toward the finish of the advance residency, he needs to pay charge on $ 600,000. Jack who is a draftsman and his companion is just a housewife, together acquired cash to buy a property for leasing reason as joint inhabitants. Strangely both a couple have entered an agreement where, it has been concluded that if any benefit emerges 10% of that benefit will be qualified for Jack and rest will be qualified for his significant other Jill. Despite what might be expected, if any misfortune happens, Jack will bear 100% of the misfortune. In any case, in the most recent year the investment property has created loss of $ 10,000 and according to understanding, Jack will bear the entire misfortune. As indicated by the Section 35(2) of Relationship Act 2008, an individual isn't supposed to be the residential accomplice of someone else on the ground of relationship of co-tenure (Johnstone, 2014). Be that as it may, as per the Section 5(1) of Partnership Act 1958, association might be characterized as the connection between at least two gatherings, who are carrying on an equivalent business with an intend to procure benefit. Australian Partnership Act additionally depicts the idea of association in the event of joint occupancy and gives certain arrangements with respect to the idea of tenure or property identified with the joint tenure, where it is said that Joint inhabitance residency in like way joint property ordinary property or part ownership doesn't of itself make an association as to anything so held or had whether the occupants or owners do or don't share any advantages made by the use thereof (Bennett, 2016). The sharing of gross returns doesn't of itself make an affiliation whether the individuals sharing such returns have or have not a joint or essential right or eagerness for any property from which or from the use of which the benefits are gathered. In addition, the receipt by a man of a proposal of the advantages of a business is from the start sight affirm that that individual is an associate in the business, anyway the receipt of such an offer or of a portion subordinate upon or varying with the advantages of a business doesn't of itself make that individual an accessory in the business (McCullagh, 2015). In any case, for this situation it has been discovered that Jack and Jill have residential relationship and came into an agreement of joint occupancy where both are qualified for benefit of 1:9 proportion, however in the event of misfortune just one accomplice is qualified for bear everything of misfortune. Regarding the arrangements made in Relationship Act and Partnership Act, it very well may be said that Jack and Jill are no uncertainty in local relationship however if there should arise an occurrence of relationship of Joint tenure, Partnership Act gets pulled in, where they are viewed as in organization connection since the idea of business is same, likewise both are qualified for benefit, yet in the event of misfortune, just Jack needs to manage the entire misfortune. Actually, in organization act, just arrangement for association is given that all the accomplices are qualified for benefit and not misfortune. On the off chance that any accomplice alone bears the entire misfort une yet in addition gets portion of benefit will be likewise be called accomplice (Willis, 2015). In this way, the loss of $ 10,000 will totally be borne by Jack and he is qualified for get tax reduction on misfortune for the year finished. On the other side, if both the accomplices choose to sell the property, they initially need to recoup misfortune emerged from that property then they can sell the property. In any case, for this situation, there is no extension for recuperation of misfortune, in this manner they need to sell the property for capital misfortune. Further, this capital misfortune will be balanced with the long haul or transient capital addition. The realities held on account of IRC versus Duke of Westminster 1936 The Duke executed deeds with individuals then in his use (checking his grower) in which he covenanted to pay to them certain step by step totals for a period of seven years or the joint presences of the social occasions. The deeds described that the portions were made in affirmation of past organizations reliably rendered to the Duke and that the Duke needed to make course of action for the person in spite of that he may continue in the Duke's organization (in which event he will be equipped for remuneration in respect of such future organization) or may stop to work for the Duke (Evans, 2015). Letters of explanation (which were perceived by the delegates) were sent to each laborer enlightening him that he could declare full remuneration for future work anyway that it was typical before long that he would be content with the course of action made by the deed notwithstanding such total (expecting any) as might be essential to pass on the total portions up to the degree of the compensation or wages he had generally been getting (AbdulRazaq Adam, 2015). The recipients at the time the deeds were executed were tolerating settled wages or pay and after execution of the deeds continued in the Duke's business and continued getting such totals as, with the entire payable by the deed, made up the proportion of the wages or pay payable before the deed and no more. If the entireties paid under the deed in respect of periods in the midst of which the individuals were in the Duke's use were remuneration for organizations, they were not deductible in calculating the Duke's hazard for surtax. If, on the other hand, the aggregates were yearly portions, they were deductible. In this way, the issue was whether the portions under the deeds were compensatio

Blog Archive GMAT Impact How Do B-Schools View the GRE

Blog Archive GMAT Impact How Do B-Schools View the GRE When it comes to the GMAT, raw intellectual horsepower helps, but it is not everything. In this weekly blog series,  Manhattan GMAT’s  Stacey Koprince  teaches you how to perform at your best on test day by using some common sense. Many business schools, including Stanford, Harvard, and Wharton, accept either the GMAT or the GRE. A while back, we discussed how  to decide which to take. I have spoken with a couple of admissions officers about this topic recently, as well as several students who have had their own conversations with admissions officers about which test to take. The general consensus seems to be that taking the GRE instead of the GMAT confers no major disadvantage, but some schools do (as we suspected) discount the GRE quant score a bit because they feel that the GMAT quant is more challenging. (And I think they are right about that.) No one would discuss specifics, but here are some things I inferred. First, the discount is not enormousâ€"my guess is that it is on the order of perhaps five to ten percentile points. If you, for whatever reason, find the GRE quant much easier than the GMAT quant, then it still might be to your advantage to take the GRE. Second, so far, I have only heard top schools acknowledge doing this. Certainly, any schools could discount the GRE quant; my guess, though, is that everyone else is not as concerned about the small differences in score/difficulty level between the two tests. The top schools receive so many applications that choosing among all of the highly qualified candidates is extremely difficult, so they are even more concerned about making an apples-to-apples comparison (as much as they can). Finally, no one expressed any concern about the verbal portion of the GRE; the schools seem to view the two tests as equally challenging in this area. (And, again, I agree with this assessment.) The GRE and GMAT do test somewhat different verbal skills, but vocabulary (GRE) is just as important as grammar (GMAT) in business communication, so neither test has an edge here. (Both tests address meaning in their vocabulary- and grammar-based verbal questions.) What does this mean? If you are applying to a top school, you should have a slight preference for the GMAT over the GRE, but if you are really struggling with GMAT quant, then try a GRE practice test (under 100% official conditions, please!). If you find the GRE quant a lot easier (enough that you can score at least ten percentile points higher), then you may want to consider taking the GRE instead. Share ThisTweet GMAT Impact

The Ethics Of A Christian Coach - 1671 Words

Initial Foundation Information Jack and Susan are newlyweds they have been married 8 months, they are both in their late twenties and have come to me seeking financial coaching. Susan is what we would call a spender (Murphy, 2009); she uses money as a source to make her happy, therefore to her buying, spending equal happiness. Jack however a worrier (Murphy, 2009) worrying about if they will be financial is secure in their retirement. I had each of them complete the FINANCIAL DNA assessment online as well as to answer separate questionnaires regarding how they view money, where they see themselves in the future, how they communicate about money, and lastly to make a cash flow sheet for the month. In addition, I sent them information explaining my ethical code and that I am a Christian coach, therefore my coaching will come from a biblical perspective, I also made it clear I will by no means give them specific investment or financial advice, that is not my job. Sitting down to our first session, I asked that we begin with a prayer, that God will give me the strength to guide them, using me as a tool, and that he will allow Jack and Susan to be receptive to my guidance. I advised them that they see money differently and it is not wrong to see money in different ways, but when they united that so do their finances. In addition, (Murphy, 2009) â€Å"The number one reason for divorce is money stress, lack of communication about money.† I then advised them that I would be walkingShow MoreRelatedEthics And Ethics Of The Field Of I / Psychology878 Words   |  4 PagesWhile the importance of ethics and ethical behaviors is not a new facet of my professional life, as I emerge into the field of Industrial and Organizational Psychology the weight of ethical responsibility has heightened. According to Lefkowitz (2005), ethics are moral principles that govern a person s or group s behavior. 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Ethical Dilemma This case involves Paul, who is a promising young athlete, who works hard and has a good spot on his team. He is constantly putting in training to get better and it has been paying off. He notices that some of his teammates have been trying out a new performance enhancing drug. It is not illegal, but it still improves their abilities on the field. He notices that it is working for them and his teammates approach him and ask him to try it. His coach is apparentlyRead MoreMy Values And Ethical Behaviors845 Words   |  4 PagesAccording to Lefkowitz (2005), ethics are moral principles that govern a person s or group s behavior. Hence, after reviewing the American Psychological Association (APA) Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct (2010) and the role ethics play in the field of I/O Psychology I this assignment presents a synopsis of the evolution and my influential experiences role of professional values, biases, and ethics. 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He believed if these ethics controlled their actions then the savings on cost distribution would be great. He demanded quality over quantity. Competition improving quality and increasing efficiency of production, not deception. His Christian ethics made the company productive for many yearsRead MoreThe Lincoln Electric Company Has Been Built On Clear And Solid Ethical Principles948 Words   |  4 PagesElectric Company has been built on clear and solid ethical principles. The reason for its centenarian success can be found in the fact that the ethic culture of respect and customer orientation fostered by its founder has remained unchanged. James F. Lincoln had a strong Christian background that guided his culture and vision. As he wrote, â€Å"The Christian ethic should control our acts. If it did control our acts, the savings in cost of distribution would be tremendous. Advertising would be a contact

Overview of the Haber-Bosch Process

The Haber-Bosch process is a process that fixes nitrogen with hydrogen to produce ammonia — a critical part in the manufacture of plant fertilizers. The process was developed in the early 1900s by Fritz Haber and was later modified to become an industrial process to make fertilizers by Carl Bosch. The Haber-Bosch process is considered by many scientists and scholars as one of the most important technological advances of the 20th century. The Haber-Bosch process is extremely important because it was the first of processes developed that allowed people to mass-produce plant fertilizers due to the production of ammonia. It was also one of the first industrial processes developed to use high pressure to create a chemical reaction (Rae-Dupree, 2011). This made it possible for farmers to grow more food, which in turn made it possible for agriculture to support a larger population. Many consider the Haber-Bosch process to be responsible for the Earths current population explosion as approximately half of the protein in todays humans originated with nitrogen fixed through the Haber-Bosch process (Rae-Dupree, 2011). History and Development of the Haber-Bosch Process By the period of industrialization the human population had grown considerably, and as a result, there was a need to increase grain production and agriculture started in new areas like Russia, the Americas and Australia (Morrison, 2001). In order to make crops more productive in these and other areas, farmers began to look for ways to add nitrogen to the soil, and the use of manure and later guano and fossil nitrate grew. In the late 1800s and early 1900s, scientists, mainly chemists, began looking for ways to develop fertilizers by artificially fixing nitrogen the way legumes do in their roots. On July 2, 1909, Fritz Haber produced a continuous flow of liquid ammonia from hydrogen and nitrogen gases that were fed into a hot, pressurized iron tube over an osmium metal catalyst (Morrison, 2001). It was the first time anyone was able to develop ammonia in this manner. Later, Carl Bosch, a metallurgist and engineer, worked to perfect this process of ammonia synthesis so that it could be used on a world-wide scale. In 1912, construction of a plant with a commercial production capacity began at Oppau, Germany. The plant was capable of producing a ton of liquid ammonia in five hours and by 1914 the plant was producing 20 tons of usable nitrogen per day (Morrison, 2001). With the start of World War I, production of nitrogen for fertilizers at the plant stopped and manufacturing switched to that of explosives for trench warfare. A second plant later opened in Saxony, Germany to support the war effort. At the end of the war both plants went back to producing fertilizers. How the Haber-Bosch Process Works The process works today much like it originally did by using extremely high pressure to force a chemical reaction. It works by fixing nitrogen from the air with hydrogen from natural gas to produce ammonia (diagram). The process must use high pressure because nitrogen molecules are held together with strong triple bonds. The Haber-Bosch process uses a catalyst or container made of iron or ruthenium with an inside temperature of over 800 F (426 C) and a pressure of around 200 atmospheres to force nitrogen and hydrogen together (Rae-Dupree, 2011). The elements then move out of the catalyst and into industrial reactors where the elements are eventually converted into fluid ammonia (Rae-Dupree, 2011). The fluid ammonia is then used to create fertilizers. Today, chemical fertilizers contribute to about half of the nitrogen put into global agriculture, and this number is higher in developed countries. Population Growth and the Haber-Bosch Process Today, the places with the most demand for these fertilizers are also the places where the worlds population is growing the fastest. Some studies show that about 80 percent of the global increase in consumption of nitrogen fertilizers between 2000 and 2009 came from India and China (Mingle, 2013). Despite the growth in the worlds biggest countries, the large population growth globally since the development of the Haber-Bosch process shows how important it has been to changes in global population. Other Impacts and the Future of the Haber-Bosch Process The current process of nitrogen fixation is also not completely efficient, and a large amount is lost after it is applied to fields due to runoff when it rains and a natural gassing off as it sits in fields. Its creation is also extremely energy-intensive due to the high temperature pressure needed to break nitrogens molecular bonds. Scientists are currently working to develop more efficient ways to complete the process and to create more environmentally-friendly ways support the worlds agriculture and growing population.

Christian Doctrine And The Doctrine Of A New Testament

THE POLEMICISTS As the apostle passed from the scene, other leaders arose in the church to take their place. These leaders are fathers because of the esteem in which they were held by loyal church members. They were call bishops and had authority over an area to maintain discipline the church. These fathers can be classified in certain times or divided into four groups. The first groups would be the apostolic fathers, the apologists, the Polemicists, and the scientific theologians. As like the rest of the early church fathers, The Polemicists raised up to defend the faith. Their reaction by concern church fathers against the action of the heretic let to the development of Christian doctrine and the formulation of a New Testament Canon. They fought the heresies that were damaging the church. In refuting error, they used much of the New Testament as the source of the true doctrine. The work of the Polemicists also gave rise to the concept of an orthodox catholic church which was opposed to heresy. While most of the Apologists were from the East, most of the Polemicists were from the West. The Eastern mind was more concerned with speculative theology, whereas the Western mind was concerned with church organization and practical doctrine for solving problems. These were the Polemicists. Irenaeus (A.D. 120-202): Irenaeus was born in Smyrna and later moved to Lyons in Gaul, now France, where he became bishop. He wrote Against Heresies in five books, in which he refut ed theShow MoreRelatedThe Doctrine Of The Trinity1513 Words   |  7 PagesThe doctrine of the Trinity can be defined as the introduction to the Christian faith. For a number of years, special attention to the doctrine of the Trinity has been given by the educational theologians. 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Marketing Concept and Marketing Realities †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Marketing Concept and Marketing Realities. Answer: Introduction The report gives focus on themarketing concept. Marketing is related to promoting the goods and services in an effective manner. In the first phase of the report, the newmarketing realities are discussed. The last phase of the report gives focus on the other forces that might give direct impact on marketing. New Marketing Realities It is evaluated that the marketplace in the recent scenario is very different as compared to the earlier times. The three key forces that drive the new marketing realities are: Technology In the digital era, it is evaluated that the marketing can be done in an effective manner. Technology is one of the new marketing realities that have given emphasis on attaining the success. The revolution related to digitalization has created an information age that gives assurance to offer accurate levels of production and also to target the large communication area. The advancement in transportation, shipping and communication has made the process easy to market the products. It has also given impact on the buying pattern of the consumers (Scott, 2015). Consumers can easily buy the products by sitting anywhere in the world. International travel has also enhanced as there are many people who conduct the activities in different countries (Babin and Zikmund, 2015). Technology also considers the state as a mode or medium that assists the marketers to propagate with the deliverables to the end user. The best result of bringing in technology has been innovation. Technology has brought a drastic change in conducting the activities of the organization and also to survive in the competitive environment. The technology is considered as dynamic by considering from television advertisements to internet marketing. It has given success to many companies and also the promotion of the products is done in a proper manner. With the use technology, the consumers can easily purchase the items and the company can easily promote the products. Technology plays a great role in enhancing the sale of products and services in the market. Globalization It is concerned with the change that takes place globally and also it is seen that we are moving away from a more integrated world. It is a change in the organization that takes place from the single country to one that operates in multiple countries. The impact of globalization on business can be divided into two categories: Market Globalization: It is related to the increase and access of the businesses to all over the world to satisfy the needs and wants of the consumers. Due to globalization, the company is able to sell the products and services globally and also it is believed that the tastes of the consumers who are living in different parts of the world are now emerging (Hirst, Thompson and Bromley, 2015). It is evaluated that the small companies who do not have sufficient resources can reach to the customers on an international level. It is all due to the globalization of markets. There are many big markets that have emerged into a single market by taking into consideration the needs and wants of the consumers (Amin, 2014). So this is beneficial for both the customers and for the producers. Production globalization: Globalization is one of the ways by which the nations interact. The economy becomes integrated as the flow of products and capital enhances. The fall in the trade barriers can lead to increase in the trade between the countries (Crane and Matten, 2016). Social responsibility By considering marketing, it is evaluated that social responsibility is an important factor. The practice consists of giving focus on the efforts of attracting customers who want to make positive differences with the purchases. There are many companies that take into consideration social responsibility strategies in marketing. It assists the community to produce the services and products that give benefit to the society (McWilliams, 2014).The initial investment is important to divide the profits attained. Social responsibility in marketing gives emphasis on promoting a positive image that can give direct impact on the productivity and profitability of the organization. The companies that take into consideration social responsibility are Dabur, Hindustan Unilever Ltd, PG. Change in Future Technology: In the field of marketing, it will give impact in bringing change in the future. With the help of updated technology, it is easy for the company to conduct the activities in a proper manner. A transformation in marketing is considered as the time spent on our mobiles, laptops. The challenge for the companies is to connect with the consumers. But with the use of latest technology, it will be easy for companies to connect with the consumers in future also (Skinner, 2016). The large brands can easily create campaigns that work across social media and also display advertising. The brands consider the website and mobile applications that have given change in the nature of marketing. To promote the products, marketing is always taken into consideration so that the customers can easily get the knowledge about the products and services. In future also it can be easy for the large companies to promote the products and can easily communicate with the large mass of audience (Hollensen, 2015). Globalization: This factor will bring change in the future, as it is seen that with the help of globalization the company can easily enhance the products and services globally. Also with the increase in the technology in transportation and shipping, it is easy for the companies to market the products (Pieterse, 2015).International travel has also given growth to many people work. It will also give an opportunity to consumers to buy the products and services in an easy manner. The customers can easily purchase the items and they have a huge variety to choose the products and services. There are also many big markets emerged into the single market by considering the wants and demands of the consumers (Baylis, Owens and Smith, 2017). Social responsibility: This factor is also essential in bringing change in the future. By giving focus on social responsibility, it is seen that the company will enhance the growth and profitability of the market. If the marketing of products and services is done by considering the social responsibility, then it can be evaluated that the company can easily accomplish the goals and objectives in future. By giving emphasis to the social responsibility the company also enhances the image in the market. Goodwill also plays a significant role in attaining the profitability. This factor also attracts consumers towards the products and services, which give the positive result on the sales of the products. Marketing of products can be done effectively if social responsibility is considered, as the attention of the customers can be attracted towards the products and services (Korschun, Bhattacharya and Swain, 2014). Forces that affect marketing Every business is affected by some forces. They can give increase and decrease in the needs and wants of the product. It is essential for the organization to analyze the forces that give direct impact on the business. The forces that affect marketing are: Laws and Government The change in the laws gives effect on all the aspects of the business including marketing. The new taxes imposed by the government can give impact on the Bottom line and also it needs a reduction in the amount of marketing that is produced. New restrictions that are imposed by the government can affect the ability of the customers to shop for the brand. The new law that governs the age limits of the consumers and also the other factor can hinder the opportunities to sell the products. In many cases, it is seen that the new laws can be directed to control the marketing efforts directly. For example: The laws related to privacy can remove the valuable access to the consumers and can give change in the marketing strategy altogether (Sheth and Sisodia, 2015). Competition Competition level is one of the factors that affect marketing. If the competition level is high in the market, then it is important for the company to enhance the marketing strategies. If the marketing strategies are not enhanced, then it can give negative impact on sales of the products. It is essential to monitor the activities of the organization and also effective design strategies should be considered so that the controllable variables can be used. Conclusion By evaluating the report, it is concluded that the new marketing realities that are discussed in this report are technology, Globalization, and social responsibility. Marketing is considered as an important part of the organization. It is important to survive in the competitive environment and also to enhance the growth. The forces are also discussed that will bring change in the future. In the last phase of the report, the discussion is made by considering the forces that can give direct impact on marketing. References Amin, S., 2014.Capitalism in the age of globalization: The management of contemporary society. Zed Books Ltd.. Babin, B.J. and Zikmund, W.G., 2015.Exploring marketing research. Cengage Learning. Baylis, J., Owens, P. and Smith, S. eds., 2017.The globalization of world politics: An introduction to international relations. Oxford University Press. Crane, A. and Matten, D., 2016.Business ethics: Managing corporate citizenship and sustainability in the age of globalization. Oxford University Press. Hirst, P., Thompson, G. and Bromley, S., 2015.Globalization in question. John Wiley Sons. Hollensen, S., 2015.Marketing management: A relationship approach. Pearson Education. Korschun, D., Bhattacharya, C.B. and Swain, S.D., 2014. Corporate social responsibility, customer orientation, and the job performance of frontline employees.Journal of Marketing,78(3), pp.20-37. McWilliams, A., 2014.Economics of Corporate Social Responsibility. Edward Elgar Publishing. Pieterse, J.N., 2015.Globalization and culture: Global mlange. Rowman Littlefield. Scott, D.M., 2015.The new rules of marketing and PR: How to use social media, online video, mobile applications, blogs, news releases, and viral marketing to reach buyers directly. John Wiley Sons. Sheth, J.N. and Sisodia, R.S., 2015.Does marketing need reform?: Fresh perspectives on the future. Routledge. Skinner, B.F., 2016.The technology of teaching. BF Skinner Foundation.